Proctology
Treatments

An outpatient procedure in which a tight rubber band is applied to the base of an internal haemorrhoid, leading to ischemic necrosis and eventual sloughing of the tissue.

A minimally invasive technique where laser energy is delivered into the hemorrhoidal tissue, causing controlled coagulation, fibrosis, and shrinkage without excision.

A definitive surgical procedure involving excision of hemorrhoidal cushions; performed as open (Milligan-Morgan) or closed (Ferguson) techniques, depending on wound closure.

A circular stapling device is used to excise a ring of rectal mucosa above haemorrhoids, repositioning prolapsed tissue and interrupting the blood supply.

Doppler-guided identification and ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries combined with mucosal lifting (mucopexy) to reduce prolapse and vascularity.

A non-excisional technique using infrared radiation to induce coagulation and fibrosis of hemorrhoidal tissue, leading to fixation and symptom relief.

A surgical procedure where the fistula tract is laid open along its length, allowing healing by secondary intention while minimising recurrence.

Insertion of a surgical thread or material through the fistula tract to maintain drainage, promote fibrosis, and gradually divide or preserve the sphincter muscle.

Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract via an intersphincteric approach, aiming to close the internal opening while preserving sphincter integrity.

Complete excision of the fistulous tract, often resulting in a larger wound, with healing occurring by secondary intention.

Mobilisation of a rectal mucosal or anodermal flap to cover the internal fistula opening after tract clearance, preserving sphincter function.

Video-assisted technique using a fistuloscope to directly visualise the tract, allowing internal closure and destruction under endoscopic guidance.

A sphincter-preserving procedure where a radial-emitting laser probe is used to obliterate the fistula tract via controlled thermal energy.

Biologic or synthetic materials are inserted into the tract to occlude it and promote healing without surgical division of the sphincter muscle.

Partial division of the internal anal sphincter to reduce resting pressure, improve blood flow, and facilitate healing of chronic fissures.

Excision of fibrotic fissure edges and associated sentinel tags to convert a chronic fissure into an acute wound for better healing.

Reconstruction using adjacent healthy tissue to cover the fissure defect, particularly in chronic or recurrent cases with poor healing.

A surgical procedure involving incision of an abscess cavity to evacuate pus, relieve pressure, and control infection.

Examination under anaesthesia allows a thorough assessment of the extent and associated fistula, followed by adequate drainage.

Endoscopic removal of polyps using snares or other instruments is typically performed during colonoscopy.

Minimally invasive transanal approaches using specialised platforms to excise rectal lesions with precision under direct visualisation.

Resection of superficial mucosal lesions after submucosal lifting is suitable for smaller, non-invasive growths.

Advanced technique involving precise dissection in the submucosal plane to remove larger lesions en bloc with clear margins.

A reconstructive procedure that flattens the natal cleft and lateralizes the incision to reduce hair accumulation and recurrence.

An off-midline flap technique that excises the sinus and shifts the closure away from the midline to minimise recurrence.

Excision of the sinus followed by reconstruction using a rhomboid-shaped transposition flap.

Complete removal of sinus tracts, leaving the wound open to heal by secondary intention.

Excision followed by immediate suturing of the wound for faster healing, though with a higher recurrence risk in some cases.

Minimally invasive removal of sinus pits and tracts through small incisions.

Endoscopic visualisation and ablation of the sinus tract using specialised instruments.

A surgical procedure in which the rectum is mobilised and fixed to the sacrum to restore normal anatomical position and prevent prolapse or abnormal descent.

A nerve-sparing anterior approach where a mesh is used to support and fix the rectum to the sacrum, commonly performed for rectal prolapse or obstructive defecation.

Perineal mucosal stripping with plication of the muscular layer for short-segment prolapse.

Perineal rectosigmoidectomy involving full-thickness resection of the prolapsed rectum.

A combination of sigmoid resection with rectal fixation to address redundancy and prolapse.

Placement of a circumferential encircling material around the anus to provide mechanical support.

Implantation of a neurostimulator to modulate sacral nerve activity and improve continence.

Reconstruction of disrupted sphincter muscles by overlapping and suturing them to restore function.

An implantable device that mimics sphincter function by controlled inflation and deflation.

Diversion of the faecal stream through an abdominal opening when continence cannot be restored.

Behavioural therapy using feedback mechanisms to retrain the coordination of pelvic muscles during defecation.

A surgical procedure to correct the herniation of the rectal wall into the vaginal wall by reinforcing or reconstructing the rectovaginal septum.

Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection is a procedure that removes redundant rectal tissue using a circular stapling device to improve obstructed defecation.

A surgical procedure involving the removal of a major portion of the colon, typically performed for severe disease not responding to medical management.

Complete removal of colon and rectum with construction of an ileal pouch anastomosed to the anus.

Complete removal of the colon and rectum. The small intestine is brought out as a permanent ileostomy for stool diversion.

Surgical removal of the terminal ileum, cecum, and ileocecal junction. Commonly performed for localised disease such as Crohn's.

A bowel-preserving procedure where a narrowed intestinal segment is widened without removing it. Helps maintain intestinal length.

Removal of a diseased segment of the intestine with reconnection of healthy ends. Performed for localised pathology.